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UK to leave ECHR – an overview of the historical background, legal and constitutional implications, potential impact on domestic human rights protections, and the evolving political debate in Parliament, government and wider public discourse. This includes analysis of how withdrawal could affect the UK’s obligations under international law, the relationship between the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998, and the balance of powers between courts, ministers and Parliament. It also explores arguments for and against departure from the Convention, the possible development of alternative UK‑based rights frameworks, and the broader consequences for devolution settlements, the Good Friday Agreement, and the UK’s reputation as a defender of human rights on the global stage. The discussion situates current proposals within the wider post‑war history of European human rights protection, tracing how the UK helped to draft the Convention, how the Strasbourg Court’s case law has influenced domestic jurisprudence, and how political attitudes have shifted in response to controversial judgments on issues such as prisoner voting, immigration control and national security. It examines the mechanics of withdrawal, including the process for denunciation under Article 58 ECHR, the potential need for consequential amendments or repeal of the Human Rights Act, and the implications for common law rights and judicial review. Particular attention is given to the impact on the devolved nations, where the Convention is embedded in the Scotland Act, the Government of Wales Act and the Northern Ireland Act, raising complex questions about legislative competence, consent and the stability of the devolution settlement. The analysis also considers how leaving the ECHR might interact with other international commitments, including membership of the Council of Europe, cooperation within the Council of Europe’s monitoring bodies, and obligations arising under trade and cooperation agreements that reference human rights standards. Finally, it assesses possible models for a replacement domestic rights regime – such as a new British Bill of Rights or strengthened constitutional statutes – and evaluates how far these could replicate, enhance or dilute existing protections, as well as the likely consequences for the UK’s soft power, diplomatic relationships and long‑standing self‑image as a pioneer of the rule of law and civil liberties.