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Bruxism is the medical term for grinding, clenching, or gnashing the teeth, often without realizing it. It can occur during the day (awake bruxism), for example while concentrating, driving, or working, or at night during sleep (sleep bruxism), when it is usually completely unconscious. Over time, this habit can wear down tooth enamel, cause jaw pain, tightness in the facial muscles, headaches (especially in the temples), tooth sensitivity, and even lead to cracked, chipped, or broken teeth. In more severe cases, it can contribute to gum recession, loose teeth, and problems with the jaw joint, such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.

Bruxism is often linked to stress, anxiety, sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, or an abnormal bite where the teeth do not fit together properly. It can also be associated with lifestyle factors like caffeine, alcohol, or certain medications. Because it is frequently unconscious, it may be noticed first by a dentist who sees signs of wear on the teeth, or by a sleeping partner who hears the grinding sounds at night. Early diagnosis and treatment, such as using a custom night guard, managing stress through relaxation techniques, improving sleep habits, or correcting bite problems with dental treatment, can help protect the teeth, reduce discomfort, and prevent long-term damage to the mouth and jaw.